[en] Radioactive sources are used in many sectors of the Nigerian economy. All radioactive sources used in the country are imported. Nigeria does not produce radioactive sources and does not have any radioactive waste depository. There is a draft national policy on radioactive waste management which is yet to be approved by the Nigerian Government. The only operational part of this policy today is the return of the sources to the original manufacturers, i.e. export. This establishes the nexus between the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) and the Nigerian Customs Service. The safety and security of radioactive sources are two of the major statutory functions of the NNRA, which was established in 2001 by the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act 1995. These functions are carried out through the process of regulations and guidance; authorization; oversight functions; emergency planning and response; and ancillary functions. A very effective import/export control has been established through the process of application, inspection and authorization. A comprehensive inventory of sources and users is in progress and has proved to be a necessary condition for an effective regulatory control of radioactive sources in the country, which in turn will enhance safety and security. Some positive achievements have been recorded. However, the NNRA still faces some challenges, which can be removed through enhanced national capabilities in the area of detection at the ports of entry and through international cooperation between importing and exporting countries of radioactive sources in particular and of radiation sources in general. (author)